Referee development: mechanics

The two-day workout.

This is a two-day workout plan consisting of drills for just over an hour and a half. This can be modified as necessary. The intent is to develop good habits within our system so that we maintain a high level of accuracy and consistency in our play-calling and we are elite at running the game. Additional drills, self-talk cues, and additional descriptions are provided before the workout plan to add context to the user.

Weekend plan

Saturday

95 min

This is the NBA mechanics walk-through workout. The main movements today are the toss or jump ball to start the game and trail to lead transition. Additional drills like secondary defender information, timeout administration, and secondary defender looks are incorporated into the main movements.

Toss 1 round or 20 minutes
Trail to Lead 1 round or 35 minutes
Lead to Trail 1 round or 40 minutes

Sunday

75 min

This is the NBA walk-through workout for Sunday. Continue to work on your presentation and projection. Additional drills are incorporated into the main movements today, slot to slot, rotation at lead and resumption of play.

Suicides Calling 5 suicides or 20 minutes
Rotation in Lead 1 round or 20 minutes
ROP Resumption of play — run with Rotation in Lead
Slot to Slot 1 round or 35 minutes
Main movements

Each movement below is one round of the workout. Work the self-talk out loud; the situations column is the list to rotate through.

Clip to come

Toss

Saturday 20 min
How to run it
  • Using your self-talk work through a normal jump-ball sequence to start the game as the R, U1, and U2 for each situation.
  • Prior to the jump as R, U1, and U2;
  • Clocks
  • Players
  • Partners
  • During jump;
  • R – Jumpers
  • U1 – Toss, Jumper violations,
  • U2 – Outside players
  • After jump as R, U1, and U2;
  • Clocks
  • Players
  • Arrow
Situations
Home wins jumpVis. wins jumpQuick 3 pt.Foul on jumpHeld ballJump violationClock DNS
Clip to come

Trail to Lead

Saturday 35 min
How to run it
  • Using your self-talk work from a defensive rebound to the refereeing the last defender and keeping the on-ball matchup in your FOV. Work on your run from T to L.
  • “# on the clock. Rebound secured.”
  • “Find the last defender.”
  • Be able to go from on-ball defender to secondary defender if refereeing the on-ball matchup.
Situations
Lane 3 driveFTLE pick + rollQuick 3 pt.SECDEFRASECDEF InfoFTLE pull-upTO AdminPC + SwitchShoot + SwitchEndline + SwitchCorner 3 pt.
Clip to come

Lead to Trail

Saturday 40 min
How to run it
  • Alternating between a defensive rebound and a made basket find 1. Clocks, 2. Fouls, and 3. Players if at new T you don’t have a contested on-ball matchup.
  • Say all 5 cards aloud when finding the demeanor of the defense, i.e. players.
  • Use another set of cards to get clock and # of offending player.
  • When rotating have big picture awareness, lift your eyes as you move to C, and pick up the competitive match-ups by picking up the cards.
Situations
Demeanor of DefenseTrapPerimeter PlaysTC screenDown ScreensDEF blows upCorner 3 pt.PC leg kick outHard foulHandoff to CStack!Handoff to LStack!Rotate to C
Clip to come

Suicides Calling

Sunday 20 min
How to run it
  • At each line, while running the suicide, pick a foul or violation, signal, and report.
Clip to come

Rotation in Lead

Sunday 20 min
How to run it
  • Time on the shot clock gives information to the offensive demeanor and choices. After finding the next match-up during your rotation accept responsibility from T. Complete rotation in 3 sec
  • Clock
  • Next competitive match-up
  • Partner’s eyes
Situations
PC + SwitchSECDEFRASECDEF InfoShoot + SwitchEndline + SwitchCorner 3 pt.
Clip to come

ROP

Sunday
How to run it
  • Administer throw-ins at the 28 ft line, 3 ft post-up mark, and across the endline in a transition with no pressure situation. Sweep the floor and check 1. Partners, 2. Clocks, and 3. Players, before placing the ball at the disposal of the thrower-in.
  • Administer the free-throws using the ROP procedure; sweep the floor and check 1. Partners, 2. Clocks, and 3. Players, before placing the ball at the disposal of the shooter.
Situations
Sweep the floor3pt to tie/2pt to tieQuick 3ptHard foulRebounding
Clip to come

Slot to Slot

Sunday 35 min
How to run it
  • Alternating between a defensive rebound and a made basket find 1. Clocks, 2. Fouls, and 3. Players if you don’t have pressure in the backcourt.
  • Say all 5 cards aloud when finding the demeanor of the defense, i.e. players. On demeanor and multiple def repeat the closest competitive match-up or on-ball defender until hand-off.
  • Use another set of cards to get clock and # of offending player.
Situations
Demeanor of DefenseTrapPerimeter PlaysTC screenDown ScreensDEF blows upCorner 3 pt.PC leg kick outHard foulHandoff to TStack!Multiple DEF
Transition work

Run these alongside the main movements. Five repetitions each, switching at the end of every run as if you were the non-calling official.

Old trail New lead (5x)
  • Run to the 3 spots for Lane 1, 2, and 3.
  • On the fourth run, go to immediate close down, Lane 3, and rotate once your new T crosses
  • On the final run, pull up short from FTLE to the block to referee a fast break play and help GT/BI
  • Self-talk each time, “Rebound secured. 5:23 on the clock.” Use a timer or card for the clock.
  • Switch at the end of each run as if non-calling official
Old lead New trail (5x)
  • Self-talk each time, (1) Clocks, (2) Fouls, (3) Players
  • Find the demeanor of the defense
  • Position adjust for each of the 5 scenarios
  • high trap/double strong side
  • pass to corner three strong side
  • high trap/double weak side
  • perimeter screen for curl to slot/C
  • strong side drive
  • Switch at the end of each position adjust as if non-calling official
Transition C/slot C/slot (5x)
  • Position adjust for each of the 5 scenarios
  • Pull-up 3 pt. weak side
  • high trap/double weak side
  • trap/double at the elbow weak side
  • strong side perimeter screen for curl to slot/C
  • corner three or baseline drive weak side
  • Switch at the end of each position adjust as if non-calling official
  • Should be self-talking through each position adjust, screen-sequencing, point of contact, etc. and each switch pick up clocks and players.

Should be self-talking through each position adjust, screen-sequencing, point of contact, etc. and each switch pick up clocks and players.

Drill catalogue

18 drills to fold into the main movements or work on their own.

Position specific
1 on 1 @ T
3-4 partners

Find the back screener or side screener. Work to see the whole play and sequence our looks. (1) Screener, (2) Line, (3) Far hand of hedger. Ensure the screener’s legal, determine whether the offensive player is making a 3 or 2 point attempt, and pick up the far hand on the hedging defender. If it is not a shot attempt we should immediately go to the hedging defender.

Handoff @ T, S/C, and L
1-3 partners

Hand off a primary matchup to each position. As the ball leaves your primary glance at your partner’s eyes to determine if they’ve received the on-ball matchup. Lift your eyes as the ball leaves to have a big picture view and pick up the nearest competitive matchup in the action area in our primary coverage area.

1 on 1 @ S
2-3 partners

For 1 minute; officiate curl plays to S/C. For 1 minute; officiate cutter plays, off-ball, coming at S/C. T can work on the Handoff drill during this sequence.

Secondary @ L, S/C
3 partners or video

Pick up the secondary defender from L. Recognize A1 beats B1, take your eyes immediately to B2. You can do this on film too.

As slot/C, we can combine this with 1 on 1 @ S/C curl plays, and referee the primary defender to the basket. We can also combine Secondary defender information or Multiple defenders for curl plays to T/L.

Rebounding @ T, S/C, and L
3-4 partners or video

Identify from whose primary the shot is taken. Say out loud your responsibilities on the shot, i.e. “Strong-side and perimeter rebounding and GT/BI,” at T, and step towards your competitive matchup from T and S/C. At L put your weight on your back foot. If using video; identify with the cursor where you’re looking. Determine if the outside official is engaged in the rebounding by taking a staggered step.

PPP, dead ball, and not position specific
Time on the clock
1 deck of cards

Partner holds up card. You will prelim a foul or violation. If the card was an eight of hearts (8♥), while staring at your partner, you would say "Bap. Travel. Red. Spot. 8 seconds on the clock." If you're having trouble start off with direction only to get used to the drill, "Red. 8 seconds on the clock." Keep your focus on the card and do not point across your body.

This drill helps us maintain our look for dead ball officiating, picking up clocks, working mechanics and signals, and our cadence.

Presentation to table
N/A

Report to the table using cadence and your signals. Use the appropriate level, i.e. if high school, run to the box, stop, and give the signals, “White 42, Hit, Two Shots.” (1) Post the foul/prelim, see Time on the clock (2) Find the clocks (3) Report to the table.

You can do this on or off a court. It is preferable to have a partner or video camera so you can provide feedback. Practice self-talk/sequencing your looks through these plays. Maintain an open look at the players when giving your preliminary. Try to catch the clocks as soon as possible. Visualize the play and respond.

Role-playing
1-2 partners

This can be used in conjunction with Presentation to table. You are the calling official, one partner will play the role of the offended coach, and the other an observer.

Provide feedback on the interaction as the observer. Opportunity for us to work on our body language, professional demeanor, not staying too long, ‘What happened…, By rule…’, and reinforcing listen to statements, responding only to questions.

Secondary defender information
1 partner

Positioned at L and S/C, the L will signal a player-control or block because the secondary defender was in the restricted area. The C will come to the L and give all required information, “W33 was in the RA. The basket went in. B12 is shooting one.” The L will immediately signal given the information.

This is a slow simulated drill to help us reinforce good habits for giving information if a secondary defender was inside or outside of the RA.

Sequence series: Down screens
2 chairs or 2 partners

Work as the slot/C. On a down screen or perimeter screen we want to sequence our looks. (1) Screener, (2) Line, (3) Far hand. Ensure the screener’s legal, determine whether the offensive player is making a 3 or 2 point attempt, and pick up the far hand on the hedging defender. The far hand is the one we might stack ourselves on and hurt us on the shot.

Sequence series: Perimeter plays
1 partner and a basketball

Sequence your eyes on plays on the perimeter when an offensive player receives the ball in a triple threat stance. Work from (1) Off. Feet, (2) Off. pivot, (3) release of the ball by the defender, (4) waist of the defender. If the offensive player releases the ball after picking up his pivot foot, travel. If he releases the ball with his pivot foot on the ground move to the defender.

Sequence series: Sweep the floor
1 deck of cards or a clock and 1 basketball

Before a simulated throw-in or FT check your (1) partners, (2) game clock, and (3) shot clock. Place the ball at the disposal of the thrower-in or free thrower after checking these 3.

Sequence series: “Aim Small, Miss Small”
1-2 partners

Jump shooters. Take the shooter all the way up and all the way back down. Go to the point of contact on the elbow or wrist of the shooting hand.

Help! I need somebody!
2 partners

This can work with 1 partner. This can be done L/T or L/C. Lead asks slot/C for help. Slot/C can signal or ask T for help. If T doesn’t have help, we will go jump ball/AP arrow.

This prepares us for game situations where we might have help plays so we are ready to respond with information. Can also use on a bad out-of-bounds call.

Hard foul
1 partner

L has a hard foul to the basket. L/C close down. C says “I’ve got them Chris.” L will now go to the table. Repeat with C having the hard foul.

Stack!
Two partners or two chairs

Start stacked on the play. Self-talk should be ‘I’m in a stack. I must get an open angle.’ Work/adjust to get an open angle.

TO Admin
N/A

A timeout is called. Relay to your partners how play will resume, and walk to where teams are crossing, normally middle of the floor, before Presenting to table.

Suicides
N/A

Run a suicide. Upon reaching the near FTLE, have a partner call out or pick a foul/violation. Like Time on the clock maintain your look towards the players and pick up the clocks. Do this again upon reaching the division line, the far FTLE, and the far end line. It is recommended to make a call at the starting end line every time it is reached too.

Source: Improvement Program — Ref Dev: Mechanics memo, 17 Nov 2024.